Ques. Write a note on the Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution OR, Fundamental rights in India
Ans. - The following are the Fundamental Rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution
1. Right to Equality - The rights to equality have been discussed between Article 14 to Article 18. Article 14 talks of equality before the law and equal protection of the law. Article 15 forbids discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. According to the provision of Article 16, Indian citizens have equal opportunity of jobs under the state. But the government can reserve some services for the residents of the state and make arrangements for reservation in jobs for the Scheduled Castes, Tribal Castes and Backward Castes.
2. Right to Freedom - Between Article 19 to Article 22 of the Indian Constitution, the rights of freedom given to Indian citizens have been discussed. Article 19 has given freedom of speech and expression, without arms, to form associations or communities, to travel to India, to reside in any part of India and to do business as desired. Article 20 empowers citizens to take measures to avoid the guilt of the offense imposed on them. According to this, the offender has the right to be protected by ex-facto laws, from double punishment and from self-incrimination. Article 21 guarantees personal liberty and security of life. Article 22 has given the citizens the right of constitutional protection from imprisonment.
3. Rights against Exploitation - In Article 23 and 24, rights of citizens against exploitation have been given. Article 23 prohibits the purchase and sale of human beings and forced labor. Article 24 states that children below the age of 14 years cannot be employed in factories, mines or any other hazardous work.
4. Right to Religious Freedom - Right to religious freedom was provided between Article 25 to Article 28 of the Indian Constitution. Article 25 makes it clear that a person has the right to freedom of conscience, subject to public order. In this way he has the right to profess, practice and propagate the religion innocently.
5. Rights related to Culture and Education - Article 29 and 30 of Indian citizens have been given fundamental rights related to culture and education. According to the provision of Article 29, all citizens of India have been given the right to the protection and development of their language, script and culture.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies - Article 32 of the Indian Constitution has provided citizens with the right to constitutional remedies. According to the provision of this article, citizens can approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of their fundamental rights. Right to property was also there in the original constitution but now it has been removed.
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