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Agricultural Revolutions in India
The significance of India's agricultural sector becomes evident when considering that approximately 60% of the Indian population relies on it for their livelihoods (according to the Economic Survey 2021). Numerous revolutions in Indian agriculture have been dedicated to enhancing the cultivation of specific agricultural commodities. Within this article, we will furnish you with a comprehensive table enumerating the noteworthy agricultural revolutions that have taken place in India.List of agricultural revolutions in India
Major agricultural revolutions that took place in India are as mentioned below:|
Revolutions |
Products |
Period |
Father of revolution |
|
Round
revolution |
Potato |
1965-2005 |
— |
|
Green
revolution |
Food
grains (rice and wheat) |
1966-1967 |
Norman
Borlaug, M.S.Swaminathan |
|
Grey
revolution |
Fertilizers/wool
production |
1960s-1970s |
— |
|
Pink
revolution |
Prawn
or onion production |
1970s |
Durgesh
Patel |
|
White
Revolution (also called Operation Flood) |
Milk
production |
1970-1996 |
Verghese
Kurien |
|
Blue
revolution |
Fish
production |
1973-2002 |
Dr.
Arun Krishnan |
|
Red
revolution |
Meat
or tomato production |
1980s |
Vishal
Tiwari |
|
Yellow
revolution |
Oilseed
production |
1986-1990 |
Sam
Pitroda |
|
Brown
revolution |
Leather/cocoa
production |
— |
Hiralal
Chaudhari |
|
Golden
fiber revolution |
Jute
production |
1990s |
— |
|
Golden
revolution |
Fruits/Honey/Horticulture
production |
1991-2003 |
Nirpakh
Tutaj |
|
Silver
revolution |
Egg/Poultry
production |
2000s |
Indira
Gandhi |
|
Silver
fiber revolution |
Cotton |
2000s |
— |
|
Protein
revolution |
Agriculture |
2014-2020 |
Narendra
Modi |
|
Evergreen
revolution |
Overall
development of agriculture |
2017-2022 |
M.S.Swaminathan |
|
Black
revolution |
Petroleum
production |
— |
— |
Highlights of Agricultural Revolutions
- The main objective of the Green Revolution was to increase agricultural productivity in developing countries through the use of technology and agricultural research.
- The main focus was on transforming India into a modern industrial system through the adoption of technology, such as the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farm equipment, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers.
- The goal of the Potato Revolution was to double or triple the production of potatoes rather than an annual increase.
- This revolution was started in the sequence of Green Revolution.
- It was started to correct the mistakes made in the Green Revolution.
- Pink revolution refers to the technological revolution in the poultry and meat processing sector.
- The revolution includes the creation of meat testing facilities, cold storage for growth and other infrastructure.
- This revolution was associated with a sharp increase in milk production in the country.
- The aim of the White Revolution period was to make India a self-sufficient nation in milk production.
- The objective of Blue Revolution is to create an enabling environment for the integrated development of the full potential of fisheries in the country.
- The Blue Revolution aims to significantly improve the income conditions of fishermen and fish farmers keeping in mind the sustainability, bio-security and environmental concerns.
- Due to the Yellow Revolution, India became a net exporter of oilseeds from a net importer.
- In the early 1990s, the annual oilseed crop produced an all-time high of 25 million tonnes of oilseeds.
- Protein revolution is technology-driven second green revolution.
- A Price Stabilization Fund was set up with a corpus of Rs 500 crore to help farmers deal with volatility.
- A Kisan TV was started to provide real time information on new technologies, water conservation and organic farming.
- The Indian government plans to ramp up production of ethanol and blending it with petrol to make biodiesel.
- Blending ethanol with transportation fuel can provide better returns to farmers, and replenish scarce and eco-friendly hydrocarbon resources.
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