The role of Gandhiji in the Indian National Movement can be discussed as follows.
(i) Champaran Movement - Gandhiji did a Satyagraha to improve the condition of the farmers engaged in indigo cultivation in Champaran district of Bihar, in which he won.
(ii) Kheda Movement - In 1916, Gandhiji raised the slogan of 'Don't do tax' movement with the aim of getting rid of the burden of tax to Kheda farmers suffering from famine and in this too he got success. In the course of this movement, he was introduced to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
(iii) Ahmedabad Movement - In the movement of Ahmedabad Mill-workers in 1918, Gandhiji supported the demands of the workers and got their wages increased by sitting on a fast unto death.
(iv) Non-cooperation movement - In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi called the British government as a devil and started the non-cooperation movement against it. Gandhiji became very agitated due to the incidents of Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre. In the non-cooperation movement led by him, people abandoned foreign titles, played Holi in foreign clothes and gave the slogan of Swadeshi, but after the violent incident of Chauri Chaura in 1922, Gandhiji suspended his movement. In this sequence he was arrested and sentenced to 6 years imprisonment. But he was released from prison after a few months due to deteriorating health.
(v) Civil Disobedience Movement - Since the Civil Disobedience Movement, Gandhiji spent his valuable time in the works of Harijans and Hindu-Muslim unity etc. But on February 11, 1930, the Congress Working Committee gave Mahatma Gandhi the right to start the Civil Disobedience Movement. Before starting this movement, Gandhiji met Viceroy Irwin. Made demands in which prohibition of liquor, reduction in exchange rate and abolition of salt-tax were the main ones. But Irwin paid no heed to Gandhi's demands. As a result, Gandhiji made salt on the beach by traveling to Dandi and disobeyed such a law. On 16 May 1930, he was arrested and sent to Yerwada Jail.
(vi) Gandhi-Irwin Pact - As a result of the efforts of Sartej Bahadur Sapru and B in 0 Shastri, an agreement was reached between Gandhiji and Irwin on 15th March, 1931, according to the provisions of which it was decided that the government would release all political satyagrahis. , Satyagraha will be abolished and the Congress will participate in the Roundabout Conference. But due to government policy and communal differences, Gandhiji had to return empty-handed.
(vii) Quit India Movement of 1942 - The Congress decided in the Bombay session of August 8, 1942 that the Congress would run the Quit India Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji. After this announcement, Gandhiji gave a vigorous speech for 70 minutes and gave the slogan 'Do or Die' in front of the public. But on August 9, before sunrise, Gandhiji was arrested along with all the members of the Congress Working Committee. Gandhiji started a 21-day fast on February 10, 1944, in protest against the repressive policy and violent action of the government, in which his condition had become deplorable. Gandhiji was freed from prison on 19 May 1944.
(viii) Cabinet Mission - On 23 March 1946, the Cabinet Mission reached India and for about 5 weeks interacted with all the provincial governors, members of the executive council of Israel, leaders of all parties, representatives of minorities, heads of provinces and representatives of native states. Of . In the light of these things, he gave his report. Gandhi drew the mission's attention to Rajagopalachari's plan, but Jinnah remained adamant on the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. Ultimately both the Congress and the League accepted the Cabinet Mission Plan and the Congress formed the Interim Government under the leadership of Jawahar Lal. Meanwhile, the Muslim League gave the slogan of direct action for the creation of Pakistan, as a result of which the whole of India came under the grip of Hindu-Muslim riots. Mahatma Gandhi visited all the areas to establish communal harmony.
(ix) Mount Baton Plan - Mount Baton came to India in March 1947 and after consultation with the leaders of the Congress and the League, published the draft of the Mount Baton Plan on June 3, 1947. In the light of this draft, a bill was passed in the British Parliament on July 18, 1947, making it clear that on August 15, 1947, an independent state named India and Pakistan would be established. In the light of this proposal, India became free from the clutches of the British Empire on August 15, 1947.
In conclusion, it can be said that Mahatma Gandhi held the reins of the Indian national movement in his hands from 1919 to 1947 and as a result of those efforts, India got freedom through the means of truth and non-violence. On January 30, 1948, Nathuram Godse shot and killed him at Birla Bhawan.
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